ADHD

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults, influencing how the brain functions compared to individuals without ADHD. Those with ADHD may experience challenges in areas such as maintaining focus, controlling impulses, and managing restlessness.

ADHD is typically described in terms of different presentations, each highlighting distinct challenges:

Inattentive: Individuals often struggle to maintain focus, follow instructions, and organise themselves effectively. They may often forget tasks or become easily distracted.
Hyperactivity: Those with this profile tend to exhibit high levels of activity, restlessness, and difficulty remaining still. They may feel as if they are “driven by a motor” and “constantly on the move”.
Impulsivity: Impulse control can be a challenge, leading to interruptions or actions taken without prior thought.
Combined Presentation: This includes characteristics of both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive presentations, meaning an individual experiences difficulties with focus, restlessness, and impulse control simultaneously.

ADHD often co-occurs with conditions such as anxiety, autism, Tourette syndrome, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Estimates suggest that between 50-70% of individuals with ADHD also experience coexisting conditions. In children, the prevalence of ADHD is approximately 1 in 20, according to research from http://www.adhduk.co.uk (2025).